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Ahmad's Story

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Image References

1. Nature-related Heritage


Images in the background of the diagram adapted from:
1A - [Countryside Homs]. n.d. [image online] Available at: ❮https://souriat.com/2015/10/12273.html❯ [Accessed 1 April 2022].

Detail 1: 1970-1980 scarcity of services in the country side. (Migration reasons)
[Homs], n.d. [image online] Available at: ❮https://www.syria.tv❯ [Accessed 1 April 2022].

Detail 8: Natural-related heritage Homos al-adyaa
حمص العدية. n.d. [image online] Available at: ❮https://orient-news.net/ar/news_show/830❯ [Accessed 1 April 2022].

2. Traditions of Daily Life


Images in the background of the diagram adapted from:
TBC

Detail 5: Climate adaptations (Kochia scoparia)
Sadiq, M., 2021. [Kochia plant]. [image online] Available at: ❮https://almerja.com/azaat/indexv.php?id=17499❯ [Accessed 1 April 2022].

Detail 2: Tradition of daily life (Gardening)
People In Need, 2021. Fatima picking lettuce in her home garden in northern Syria. [image online] Available at: ❮https://www.peopleinneed.net/fighting-food-insecurity-syria-women-gardens-7533gp❯ [Accessed 1 April 2022].

3. Community Traditions


Images in the background of the diagram adapted from:
3A - [Jars of food]. n.d. [image online] Available at: ❮https://www.eqtsad.net/news/article/31056/❯ [Accessed 1 April 2022].
3B - [The Sword of Zulfikar]. n.d. [image online] Available at: ❮https://ayyamsyria.net❯ [Accessed 1 April 2022].

Detail 7: Community tradition (food supply المونة)
[Jars of food]. n.d. [image online] Available at: ❮https://watan.fm/other-news/130244❯ [Accessed 1 April 2022].

Detail 9: Social event (Dabkeh)
[Chants / Arada chants]. n.d. [image online] Available at:❮https://ayyamsyria.net❯ [Accessed 1 April 2022].

4. Architectural Heritage


Images in the background of the diagram adapted from:
4A - [A view of the Khaled Ibn Al-Waleed Mosque in Homs with the surrounding area]. n.d. [image online] Available at: ❮http://zehrawi.com/?module=m_articles&id=807❯ [Accessed 1 April 2022].

5. Spatial Heritage


No images

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1970-1980 scarcity of services in the country side
(Migration reasons)

Image reference: See reference list Detail 1

In the 70's and the 80's, there was a shortage in the services like electricity, water, and transportation  which was either very poor or did not exist in far away villages. They tried to find better jobs and a better source of income in the city. Generally,  we can say that in the 80's and the 70's the countryside was marginalized, I mean deprived of services.
Extract from interview with participant

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Tradition of daily life (Gardening)

Image reference: See reference list Detail 2

Syrian are used to the natural nuttiness, I mean that comes directly from the land like tomato, cucumber, and parsley. You know those that come from your own garden, now we don't have our garden so we bring everything from the vegetables market.
Extract from interview with participant

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Life in Der Balaba (Differences between indigenous Hamsneh and rural Hamsneh)

From the customs side, the costume of the villagers differs from Hmasneh. The villagers wear Shemagh, Iqal and long dresses but Hamasneh don't. Hamasnseh women wear the long Jelbab, we call it "Malto '', but village women wear the traditional Thob (dress) which they brought from their rural towns. They also relatively differ by the rituals of their weddings, sacrifices, and funerals.
Extract from interview with participant

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Architectural heritage- historical sites in Der Balaba (Khalid Ibn Al-Waleed mosque)

Yes, I always remind my children of Syrian and how our life used to be. I tell them about my life in the countryside and in the city, and the Khalid Ibn Al-Waleed mosque and it's large yard which contains lots of trees and how Syrian used to take the yard as place for their picnics, you call it Tasha. I tell them about the mosque cannon that was used to shoot at the moment of Iftar in Ramadan to inform people that it's time to break their fasting. It dates back to the early 70's but still works very well.
Extract from interview with participant

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Climate adaptations (Kochia scoparia)

Image reference: See reference list Detail 5

As I told you, it is just a small area where we planted some flowers and basil, something that gives a good smell and scenery. We are also planting a plant that's called Paradise broom, it's seasonal but it gives a great scenery especially when it grows bigger. Ask an Syrian about Paradise broom and he will tell you, you can find it in any Syrian house, we are trying to scam the environment to make it look like a Homos environment. Zaatari weather is also very dusty, which we call as Al-Ajj
Extract from interview with participant

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Climate adaptations (Maraash)

Well I am living in a house, but I have some relatives who are living in tents or what is called "Maraash" which is steadier than tents. They tell more about how they suffer from the dust, they usually change the direction of the tents or the location of the openings, but still they suffer from dust and high temperature.
Extract from interview with participant

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Community tradition (food supply المونة)

Image reference: See reference list Detail 7

Everything should be homemade like Maqdous, Labneh, cheese, ghee, Quraish and everything is handmade, it's more like a Mouneh. we pretty much eat what we store as Moneh, but we don't eats restaurant and can food.
Extract from interview with participant

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Natural-related heritage Homos al-adyaa

Image reference: See reference list Detail 8

Let me tell you don't about homos, we call homos as Homos al-adyaa which means that it's air is very refreshing and the climate is neutral during summer and winter. It's consisted like a middle city with an opening to the sea; meaning that humidity's arrive late unlike coastal cities like Latakia and Tartous where humidity is high, homos is located next to these coastal city where humidity is very low and the weather is great
Extract from interview with participant

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Social event (Dabkeh)

Image reference: See reference list Detail 9

Generally, you can see that there is a change, even the Dabakeh rituals are changed now, even Zaffeh is much simpler now.
Extract from interview with participant

1 2 3 4 5 6 Ahmad's Story SYRIA JORDAN Zaatari Village, Jordan Lived here:2013 - Now Zaatari camp Lived here:2013 for 10 days Damascus Lived here:not given Rural Homes / countryside Lived here:Birth – start of 1990 Rural Homes / countryside Lived here:2003 - 2012 Deir Ba'albah, Homs Lived here:1990 - 2003
Select a heritage practice and follow Ahmad's journey
Heritage Remained Heritage Disappeared Heritage Changed Heritage Restored Heritage Remained Heritage Disappeared Heritage-led Resilience Social Resilience Environmental Resilience Spatial Resilience Economic Resilience Heritage Reduced Heritage Remained Heritage Emerged State Laws Economic Resilience Private Teacher in Zaatari Village Not allowed to work Caravans & Teaching As a refugee, he is unable to hold a regular legal job as a teacher To make ends meet, he started working as a private teacher in a caravan next to his house Image Ref: 1A Bread and other basic nutrition are in short supply Limited access to services The countryside become more crowded Throughout the conflict Scarcity During the conflict, the heritage practices reduced Heritage Reduced Returning to his hometown & family Most of his heritage practices were restored in the countryside, where he assisted his family with land work while also working as an elementary school teacher. Improvement in the countryside conditions, encouraged him to return to his hometown Development Migration Heritage Restored Leaving the heritage-related Job Since he has relocated to the city, for educational reasons During his staying in Deir Ba'albah, he obtained a degree in Religious Law, then he worked there as a teacher Image Ref: 1A Seasonal Droughts impacted irrigation practices However, there were government restrictions on grilling wells (License Costs & Wasta) In addition to the marginalization of the countryside: As a result, people began drilling wells Limited Transportation Infrastructure Low Income Shortage of Electricity Shortage of Water Climate Change State Laws Scarcity Tangible & Intangible Heritage Disappeared Agricultural Practices A prosperous Land "حِمْص العَذِيَّة" Livestock Practices "Homs is known as "Homs Al-Adyaa", which means it has fresh air and a neutral climate in the summer and winter, making it a prosperous land with a lot of welfare" Rainfed agriculture Irrigated agriculture Nature-related Heritage Scarcity Economic Resilience Environmental Resilience House Farming & Gardening Daily Routines; Religious Practices, Sewing... He is unable to engage in any outdoor activity, such as house farming Even in small spaces, he plants the Kochia Scoparia "الجنة مكنسة" which he used to grow in Syria Limited space in Al-Zaatari Gardening & Nostalgia His family's food habits stayed unchanged His daily routines have not changed He converted a space within the caravan into a small store selling handmade goods and sewing services Caravans & Sewing Image Ref: 2A Heritage Reduced Heritage Remained Traditions of Daily Life House Farming & Gardening Daily Routines; Religious Practices, Sewing... Ahmad also maintained his personal heritage when he returned to the countryside Image Ref: 2A Heritage Remained Traditions of Daily Life During his time in Deir Ba'albah, he kept most of his personal heritage and daily life Image Ref: 2A Tangible & Intangible Heritage Remained House Farming & Gardening Religious Practices Sewing His wife used to sew in Syria Kochia Scoparia "مُكنسة الجنّة" was one of the plants he used to plant in Syria. Holy Quran Memorization Traditions of Daily Life Image Ref: 3B and 3A Social Resilience Social Events Social Capital & Network Community Traditions Weddings Cultural Morals Funerals In general, most food practices remained unchanged Cultural values and practices are transferred down to the next generation The presence of other Syrians and refugees from his hometown helped him The presence of other refugees from his hometown and other Syrians helped in his adaptation A small-scale wedding held in a house rather than a tent Only a few people attend the wedding Simpler Zaffeh and Dabkeh Scaled-down Funerals Sacrifcing & Hospitality To show hospitality with limited means, they substitute meat for chicken Reduce the number of sacrifices made at social occasions Image Ref: 3B and 3A Heritage Reduced Heritage Remained Re-establish his traditions Social Events Community Traditions During the conflict, the heritage practices reduced Scarcity When he returned to his village community, he naturally restored some practices Due to the Limited access to services The transition from rural to urban life Heritage Restored Differences in Traditions by District There were some cultural differences between 'Indigenous Inhabitants' and 'Villager Inhabitants' Indigenous Inhabitants Villager Inhabitants Non-conservative Community Much more Hospitality Traditional Thob (Dress) Shemagh Iqal Costume Religious Practices Morals Non-conservative Community Less Hospitality Normal clothing for men Jelbab and Kemar for women Costume Religious Practices Morals Image Ref: 3A Tangible & Intangible Heritage Changed Social Events Food Practices Oral Traditions Traditional Games Weddings Funerals Cultural Morals Large Zaffeh "الزَّفَّة" Large number of people attending the wedding Al Dabke "الدَبْكَة" Large Tents Large number of people attending the funerals Large Tents Sacrificing & Hospitality The sacrifice (Al Nazalah) "النَزالة" is an act of hospitality toward the guests On social occasions, around 100-200 sacrifces were made Food Supply - Al-Mouneh"الْمُونَة" Homemade Breakfast Domestic Farming He used to prepare most of his breakfast ingredients at home rather than buying them from a store He relied on his home garden for daily food and vegetables such as zucchini, cucumbers, and tomatillos Oral Verbs Hide & Seek Seven Tiles "بلاطات سبع" Community Traditions Conflict Certainly, this has an impact on many treasured locations' cultural signifcance, associations, and a wide range of values Many of the Historical sites were targeted to attack during the war Heritage Disappeared Architectural Heritage Archaeological Sites Omar ibn Al-Khattab Mosque The sound of the Ramadan Cannon was one among the features in the Mosque that he found meaningful Khalid bin Walid Mosque Image Ref: 4A Tangible Heritage Changed Very Old Cemetery Arches Small Castle Architectural Heritage Spatial Resilience Pergola - Almorrash "المعّرش" Passive Techniques & Refugee Status To avoid the cold and allow entry to the sun, most refugees consider passive principles in the orientation of their tents, caravans, and openings Spatial Heritage in Refugee Status No information for this practice at this placeMove down to next place Heritage Emerged No information for this practice at this placeMove down to next place No information for this practice at this placeMove down to next place 6. ZAATARI VILLAGE, JORDAN Previous place 5. ZAATARI CAMP, JORDAN Stayed here for 10 days in 2013 - [No information given] Show on map 4. REVERSE MIGRATION TO THE COUNTRYSIDE Next place Previous place 3. DAMASCUS [No information given] Show on map 2. DEIR BA'ALBAH, HOMS Next place Previous place 1. COUNTRYSIDE Next place Please note that the quotes above are from the participant interview